Ira Reads Your Letters

Speakers: Ira Flatlow, Lawrence Krauss, Michael Turner, Brian Greene, Steven Weinberg, Ariel Anbar, Barry Blumberg, Peter Ward, Paul Davies

Topics: Astrobiology, Big Bang, Evolution, Extraterrestrial Life, Large Hadron Collider, Microbiology, String Theory, Theoretical Physics

Host Ira Flatow helps viewers talk to experts about their various scientific questions.

Cockroaches are constantly grooming themselves, says entomologist Coby Schal of North Carolina State University. To clean its antenna, a cockroach will grab ahold of it with its front leg, bring the antenna to its mouth, and run the antenna from base to tip through its mandibles like a piece of floss. Publishing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Schal and colleagues investigate the benefits of clean antennae.


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For USGS wildlife biologist Karyn Rode, tracking and tranquilizing polar bears from a helicopter are just the first thrilling steps in her research. After acquiring various samples from sleeping bears, Dr. Rode's unique understanding of what they eat and how quickly they metabolize nutrients allows her to determine the condition of each bear. Working with a team of scientists from the US Fish and Wildlife Service for nearly a decade, Dr. Rode's monitoring of polar bear health has helped reveal how well populations are adapting to the rapidly warming Arctic. 
A film by Science Friday
Produced in collaboration with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Produced by Emily V. Driscoll and Luke Groskin
Directed by Luke Groskin
Filmed by  Christian Baker, Luke Groskin, and Ryan Hawk
Edited by Sarah Galloway
Animations by Luke Groskin
Music by Audio Network
Color by Irving Harvey
Additional Photos and Video by
USGS, USFWS, NASA Goddard's Scientific Visualization Studio/C. Starr, Shutterstock, Pond5,  Oxford Scientific, and Pascale Otis (C.C. BY 3.0)

Project Advisors:Laura A. Helft, Laura Bonetta, Dennis W.C. Liu and Sean B. Carroll - Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Special Thanks to Karyn Rode, Michelle St. Martin,  Johnathan Larabee, The Staff of Red Dog Mine's Port Facility, Jenny Shalant,  Jessica BrunettoChristian Skotte, Danielle Dana, Ariel Zych, and Jennifer Fenwick
Science Friday/HHMI © 2016

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*Correction May 1, 2017: At 2:06, a graphic in the video incorrectly wrote the formula for the golden ratio. It should be B/A = A/(A+B). We regret the error.

John Edmark's sculptures are both mesmerizing and mathematical. Using meticulously crafted platforms, patterns, and layers, Edmark's art explores the seemingly magical properties that are present in spiral geometries. In his most recent body of work, Edmark creates a series of animating “blooms” that endlessly unfold and animate as they spin beneath a strobe light.
Produced by Luke Groskin
Filmed by Christian Baker
Music by Audio Network
Additional Stills and Video by
John Edmark
Charlie Nordstrom
Shutterstock

In her new book, Bones Books and Bell Jars, physician and photographer Andrea Baldeck documents the collection of medical texts, instruments, and specimens at Philadelphia's Mütter Museum.

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Using scissors, tape, and reams of creativity, Matthew Reinhart engineers paper to bend, fold, and transform into fantastic creatures, structures and locales. By adjusting the angles of folds and the depth of layers, Reinhart animates his subjects to tell dramatic stories that literally pop off the page.
Produced by Luke Groskin
Music by Audio Network

Special Thanks to Matthew Reinhart

Keyhole Gardens are a great garden to make - here is one being built in Uganda. This organic technique is part of Send a Cow's training in sustainable agriculture and is a great home garden idea too. Keyhole gardens survive floods and arid conditions well as the raised bed holds moisture and is 'fed' grey water and compost via a central basket. Help more African families learn how to make these gardens and buy the charity gift of a Keyhole Garden for a friend at

Why do your fingers get pruney after a swim? Only a handful of researchers, including Einar Wilder-Smith, Mark Changizi, and Tom Smulders, have looked into the phenomenon. Publishing in Biology Letters, Smulders lends a hand to the hypothesis, set forth by Changizi and colleagues, that finger wrinkles improve our grip of wet objects.

Many of us spend more time at our desks than anywhere else. Theoretical physicist and futurist Michio Kaku takes us on a tour of his office, where he writes his bestsellers and records his radio shows. The futuristic 1950s TV show Flash Gordon jump-started his interest in science. Watching it as a kid, Kaku realized that it was the problem-solving scientist, not the chiseled crimefighter Flash, who was really the hero. Originally published May 20, 2011.

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Deep below the sea surface, giant squid fight off predatory sperm whales--stirring legendary tales of epic battles. Yet for all it's infamy, discovering how many of these enormous cephalopods are lurking in the ocean has remained impossible...until now. Using simple arithmetic, Elizabeth Shea, Curator of Mollusks at the Delaware Museum of Natural History, along with colleagues at the Smithsonian Institution try to solve the mystery – with unfathomable results!
Produced by Luke Groskin
Music by Audio Network
Intro Giant Squid Footage by Akinobu Kimura
Additional Stills and Video by
Clyde and Ingrid Roper, Don Hurlbert/Smithsonian Institution, Getty/Oxford Scientific, J.J. King (C.C. BY 3.0), Liz Shea, Mike Goren (C.C. BY 3.0), NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program, Oceana Canada, Pond5, Shutterstock, Tsunemi Kubodera and Kyoichi Mori, Discovery / NHK
Special Thanks to Danna Staaf whose blog post inspired the video.

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From bricks to furniture to leather, mushrooms can be made into a wide variety of materials. Philip Ross, of the San Fransisco based start-up, MycoWorks, explains how his company aims to fashion fungus into environmentally friendly clothing or structures in a fraction of the time and energy it takes when using traditional materials.

Produced by Luke Groskin

Filmed by Christian Baker

Music by Audio Network and Podington Bear  (C.C. BY 3.0)

Additional Photos and Videos by Shutterstock.com , Pond5, Philip Ross, Michael Pisano (C.C. BY 3.0), Phillip Klawitter (C.C. BY 3.0), Paloma Ricon (C.C. BY 3.0)

Water bears, also known as tardigrades, can survive boiling, freezing, the vacuum of space and years of desiccation. Biologist Bob Goldstein, of the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, describes water bears and explains why he studies them.

MC Frontalot, aka Damian Hess, makes a living rapping about data encryption, rare diseases, video games and the nerd life. When we stopped by his Brooklyn apartment, Frontalot described Nerdcore, his name for the genre, as the inversion of the shame of geekery... into pride. Dr. Awkward, a California-based nerdcore rapper, says that people assume nerd rap is a joke: But it's not really about the juxtaposition of those two worlds -- nerdiness and hip-hop -- it just happens to be nerds expressing themselves through hip-hop.

MC Frontalot joins Science Friday (3//1):

Check out the original double slit experiment: - oh, and for the sun to be seen as single photons, you would have to be ~1000 light years away, so well past Pluto. For clarification on this video, please see:
What would you see if you were drifting through space, looking back at the sun? Well its light intensity would decrease as the inverse square of distance from the sun. And you would imagine the intensity would decrease smoothly, asymptotically approaching zero.

But this is not what happens.

If you had sensitive enough eyes, like frogs' eyes, you would find that at some point the sun would start to flicker. You would see flashes of light separated by complete darkness. And as you drift further from the sun, what's strange is that these flashes do not decrease in brightness, but they do become less frequent. That's because light comes in lumps, called quanta or photons, which are indivisible. So if you try to spread light out very thinly, you reach a point where there are only single bits of light reaching an observer's eye at any given time.

I should acknowledge the book The Fabric of Reality by David Deutsch, which contains a similar story about a frog and a torch. It inspired me to make this film. Thanks also to MinutePhysics for reviewing earlier drafts and suggesting I make it more ridiculous.

More Info on LENR:

This is a three minute video about Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENRs). Sam Datta-Paulin of ITN Truthloader reports on Nov. 30, 2012.

It's a complicated subject and they got most of it correct. They correctly report there has been a significant uptick in the interest lately and LENRs do have the potential to change the world. And yes, it is the same field of study, but it has nothing to with fusion, as they correctly note. There's only two facts that Truthloader didn't present accurately.

Andrea Rossi has claimed many things. But when they say that Rossi's claimed power plant unit sold to a major anonymous U.S. customer widely reported to be DARPA, Truthloader missed the truth. No credible source has reported this rumor and it is not true.

Second correction: NASA has never held any demonstrations of any LENR devices, let alone a device like Rossi's which, as he inadvertently revealed to me on camera, shows to be fake. The Sept. 2011, NASA Glenn meeting was a discussion only.

Steven B. Krivit
New Energy Times

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It's small. It's striped. It's looking for love. Meet the lesser Pacific striped octopus. Full-time biologist—part-time cephalopod matchmaker, Richard Ross invites us into his secret home lab where he studies the mating rituals of these tiny cephalopods.

Produced by Christian Baker

Music by Audio Network

Additional footage courtesy of Richard Ross

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The Tuvan throat-singing band Alash Ensemble has toured the world demonstrating both their cultural heritage as well as their vocal mastery. Their incredible ability to sing low and high notes simultaneously has inspired wonder and a deep appreciation for their craft. But how they achieve these otherworldly sounds hasn't been extensively explored. With the help of speech pathologist Aaron Johnson, we'll look inside the human vocal tract to see how these talented singers create their signature sounds.
Produced by Luke Groskin
Audio Recording by Alexa Lim
Music by Alash Ensemble ( )
Additional Stills and Video by
Steve Sklar / Skysong Productions -
Pond5
NYU Langone Voice Center
The Chevy Chase Show , Fox Network
Special Thanks to Rachel Bouton!

Typographer and illustrator Craig Ward heard an urban legend that using the handrails on the subway is like shaking hands with 100 people. He decided to test that theory by sampling the bacteria on subway lines around New York City and photographing his findings. The results were striking and unconventional portraits of NYC commuters.

Produced by Emily V. Driscoll. Filmed by Jeff Nash. Music by Audio Network

Additional Photography © Tasha Sturm, The Mason Lab
The Wall Street Journal and Martin Burch, Chris Canipe,
Madeline Farbman, Rachel Feierman and Robert Lee Hotz

Thanks to Christopher Mason, Craig Ward and Weill Cornell Medical College

Video About Larkspur, California By Kyle Frazier, Luxury Home Specialist, Top Agent, Pacific Union International Real Estate (Marin County Realtor, CRS, CLHMS, J.D) | Neighborhoods, Schools, Homes For Sale, MLS, Listings, Shopping, Recreation, Real Estate Trends

A new study in Science investigates the wisdom of crowds... well, schools. Andrew Berdahl, graduate student at Princeton University, explains that Golden shiner minnows prefer shady habitat. And he and his co-authors found that large groups of fish are better at tracking shady habitats than smaller groups or individuals--a demonstration of collective sensing.How do fish pool their senses? The researchers filmed fish and digitized their movement to try to answer the question.

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Nervous Piano Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0

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Some of these pictures we've shown may have not yet been examined by an expert who can verify its authenticity.
But what we can tell you is a very interesting topic worth publishing. This time we have made this with artists because they are people who can prove their existence but if someone is that 10% already found its dual can send your picture and your double to our social networks to publish in the next video on this subject.
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Trailer from Science of Communication talk featuring Ira Flatow and Sendhil Mullainatha who examine what types of social influence are most persuasive.

The full episode tackles topics such as the persuasion challenge, how self-control and procrastination influence our actions or how the conditions of poverty themselves create additional psychological burdens for many. Moving past theory, Professor Mullainathan has started a non-profit, ideas42, which applies these ideas in the real world. He also builds on this experience to describe practical takeaways.

Ira Flatow moderated and shares the enthusiasm for science and technology that he's honed during his 35-year career in public broadcasting.

Full version:

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As a choreographer who often collaborates with dancers with disabilities, Merry Lynn Morris has long thought that traditional manual and power wheelchair designs were constraining. Her work in integrative dance, along with her experience growing up with a father who relied on a wheelchair, inspired her to invent a power wheelchair designed for artistic expression. Equipped with omnidirectional movement, a rotating seat, and a hands-free control, the chair enables dancers to explore new movement techniques, and may one day provide greater mobility in everyday life, too.

Host Ira Flatow helps viewers talk to experts about their various scientific questions.

Dr. Sandy Harcourt Introduces Ira Flatow

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After being hunted off of the mainland of New Zealand centuries ago, a new generation of the earth's rarest sea lions species has miraculously returned to the Otago Peninsula. Jim Fyfe, a ranger with the Department of Conservation, is tasked with watching over each new batch of sea lions pups and ensuring their safety as they usher in an era of hope for these charismatic creatures.
Produced by Chelsea Fiske and Brandon Swanson
Music by Audio Network
Stills provided by the New Zealand Sealion Trust, UW Freshwater and Marine Image Bank, The New Zealand Electronic Text Collection
Special Thanks to New Zealand's Department of Conservation

Mathematical Physicist Edward Witten, one of the principal authors of string theory, being interviewed by Ira Flatow on Big Ideas.

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Musk oxen are not the only charismatic creatures perfectly suited to the wind-blasted, tundra of the Alaskan Arctic. Meet Joel Berger, Wildlife Conservation Society senior scientist, Colorado State University professor - as well as expert on hoofed mammals. In addition to gathering photos to track how fast musk oxen are growing, Berger conducts a seemingly hazardous test: He dresses up as a grizzly bear, approaches the herd, and gauges their reactions. Berger uses this unusual technique to find out whether the presence of more male oxen makes the herd safer from bears.
Produced by Luke Groskin
Filmed by Christian Baker and Luke Groskin
Music by Audio Network
Production Assistance and Guide by Erik Snuggerud
Additional Stills and Video by the Joel Berger/WCS , Shutterstock , Musk Oxen Hunt shots © GSSafaris
Special Thanks to Joel Berger, Erik Snuggarud, Ellen Cheng, Jenny Shalant, and Jessica Brunetto

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In which Ira Flatow, host of Science Friday, explains why your financial support makes PRI's coverage of science and technology possible. Would you consider making a gift today? Donate here:

Ira explains how mothballs work, from the 1980s Emmy Award show Newton's Apple on KTCA. Copyright KTCA

See the complete journey and real time updates at:

This is how live radio looks! Watch Ira Flatow talk to scientist turned playwright Carl Djerassi, actor Simon Jones and chemist Alfred Vendl talk about Djerassi's new play Phallacy.

sheldon speaks mandarin

Ancient human teeth can tell us a lot. Hidden inside each set are clues about their owner's behavior and ancestry plus hints about what really made up the paleo diet. Shara Bailey, associate professor of anthropology at New York University, reads the topography of teeth to better understand the origins and lineages of humans. You can even test your own teeth to see if you have the same bumps and grooves as your ancestors.

Produced and Narrated by Emily V. Driscoll
Filmed by Jeff Nash

Music by Audio Network
Additional Video by POND5
Images by


©2015 Kaifu et al,Lee Roger Berger research team, Peter Brown, Elsevier
Cicero Moraes (Arc-Team) et alii, Daniele Panetta, CNR Institute Physiology
Margherita Mussi, Patrizia Gioia, Fabio Negrino, Thilo Parg
Rosino, Wellcome Images

Thanks to Cara Biega and James Devitt

Ira Flatow, science journalist and host of NPR's Science Friday discusses why Science is Sexy in his acceptance address for the 2010 Nierenberg Prize. Series: Frontiers of Knowledge [1/2011] [Science] [Show ID: 19862]

In the second episode of Science Friday and HHMI's series Breakthrough: Portraits of Women in Science, three scientists share stories about India's first interplanetary mission—a mission to Mars. With limited time and budget to design and launch the satellite—called MOM (for Mars Orbiter Mission)—Seetha Somasundaram, Nandini Harinath, and Minal Rohit spent long hours in the clean room, followed by tense and exciting moments tracking the satellite as it entered Mars's orbit. Their efforts helped India become the first nation to successfully reach the Red Planet on its first attempt.

Produced in collaboration with the
Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Produced by Emily V. Driscoll and Luke Groskin
Directed by Emily V. Driscoll
Filmed by Anshul Uniyal
Edited by Emily V. Driscoll
Animations by Jason Drakeford
Production Assistance by Manjunath Kelasgiri and Lokanatha Reddy
Lighting by Manjunath A G

Sound by Sathya Murthy for Felis Productions
Music by Audio Network
Color by Troy Cunningham / Running Man Post

Photographs by
AFP Photo/Manjunath Kiran, Associated Press
EPA b.v./Alamy, Malin Space Science Systems
NASA/JPL/USGS

Additional Video by DECU ISRO and SaiRocket

Project Advisors:
Laura A. Helft, Laura Bonetta, Dennis W.C. Liu and Sean B. Carroll -
Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Special Thanks to
Deviprasad Karnik, Nandini Harinath, Minal Rohit, Seetha Somasundaram, Indian Space Research Organisation
Natalie Cash, Priti Gill, Abhishek Chinnappa, Shanta & Sankara Jalagani, Nirmala Somashekhara, Prajval Shastri, Zoe Timms,
Christian Skotte, Danielle Dana, Ariel Zych, and Jennfier Fenwick
Science Friday/HHMI © 2016

Another quick glimpse of the Science Friday broadcast from the AAAS 2010 Annual Meeting. Jennifer Ouellette of the National Academies of Science is talking Hollywood and science, including the Big Bang Theory and TRON Legacy.

That little bit of elevator music is the placeholder for local station identification!

Present are Wisconsin journalism professor Deborah Blum, former AP science editor Paul Raeburn, Stanford environment professor Stephen Schneider, and Jane Stevens of The World Company.

Bill Wilson explains the hugelkultured swale, built on the Center for Sustainable Communitys property in Stelle, IL.

It was great to have Ira Flatow at York. Here is his opinion on the Challenger Disaster.

David Heil and Ben Delaney explain Virtual Reality on the PBS Series Newton's Apple - circa 1993

Sheldon har spenderat nästan tre dygn med att utföra avancerade uträkningar som mynnar ut i upptäckten av hur man kan syntetisera ett nytt supertungt grundämne, men säg den glädje som varar...

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Jag äger inga som helst rättigheter till klippet utan har bara lyft ut den här scenen för att visa kopplingen till Sverige.

I do not own or claim any rights to this clip from the movie, and only show this scene for it's connection to Sweden.

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Ira Flatow, popular host of the NPR series Science Friday, relates how science is capturing the public's imagination once again; in sometimes strange and exhilarating ways.
About TEDx:
TEDx (ted.com/tedx) was created in the spirit of TED's mission, ideas worth spreading. The program is designed to give communities, organizations and individuals the opportunity to stimulate dialogue through TED-like experiences at the local level.

At TEDx events, a screening of TEDTalks videos -- or a combination of live presenters and TEDTalks videos -- sparks deep conversation and connections. TEDx events are fully planned and coordinated independently, on a community-by-community basis.

In 2004, pediatric audiologist Allyson Sisler-Dinwiddie plunged into a world of silence after a car accident damaged her hearing. Under the care of hearing researcher Rene Gifford, she became one of the first test subjects of a new technique to improve cochlear implants, devices that use electrodes to stimulate cells in the inner ear. Since then, Sisler-Dinwiddie and Gifford have worked together to restore other patients' hearing. Watch the pair and their team at Vanderbilt University as they develop a resounding remedy to help people hear again.
A film by Science Friday. Produced in collaboration with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Produced by Emily V. Driscoll and Luke Groskin
Directed by Emily V. Driscoll
Filmed by Jeff Nash
Edited by Erika Sutter
Music by Audio Network
Photographs by Vanderbilt University, Rene Gifford, Allyson Sisler-Dinwiddie
Hearing and Cochlear Implant Animations provided by MED-EL Jack Noble, and Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center

Vanderbilt Team and Patients: Stephen Ball, Tim Davis, David Haynes, Kendall Hill, David Lewellen, Jack Noble Alejandro Rivas, and Morgan Stansberry

Project Advisors: Laura A. Helft, Laura Bonetta, Dennis W.C. Liu and Sean B. Carroll - Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Special Thanks to Rene Gifford, Allyson Sisler-Dinwiddie, Keli S. Lawrence, Kate Carney, Charles Johnson, Christian Skotte, Danielle Dana, Ariel Zych, and Jennfier Fenwick

Science Friday/HHMI © 2016

The Fast Show - I was very drunk