Earth Science Lectures

The hugely popular scientist held his second 'Star Lecture' at The University of Manchester on Wednesday 8 June. Brian is an academic in the School of Physics and Astronomy,

1977 Carl Sagan Christmas lectures 1, the earth as a planet.

In his first Christmas Lecture, American astronomer and cosmologist Carl Sagan explores planet Earth and the place, scale and geometry of the pale blue dot in the Solar System.

Sagan provides a unique insight into the history of our knowledge of the third planet from the Sun, formed 4.5 billion years ago.

Using images and models of the planets in our Solar System, Sagan reveals how the heliocentric model of our universe, in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun, came to replace the earlier Aristotelian idea that our planet was at the centre and everything orbited around it.

As the complexity of observational tools has developed from simple telescopes to complex spacecraft, so too has our understanding of the world we inhabit. Looking back on the evolution in space science in the years since Sagan's lectures we have made huge advances in our understanding of our planet's environment, climate, weather, geology and biology -- as well as our relative place in the universe.

What does the future hold for human space exploration? Dr Ellen Stofan (NASA Chief Scientist) and Dr David Miler (NASA Chief Technologist) discuss the challenges and opportunities for space travel and the role of science and research over the coming years. Chaired by Dr Lucie Green, UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory.

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Recorded 12 November, 2014

Speakers:

Dr. Ellen Stofan was appointed NASA chief scientist on August 25, 2013. She was also vice president of Proxemy Research in Laytonsville, Md., and honorary professor in the department of Earth sciences at UCL. Stofan is an associate member of the Cassini Mission to Saturn Radar Team and a co-investigator on the Mars Express Mission's MARSIS sounder.

Dr. David W. Miller was appointed NASA chief technologist on March 17, 2014. He is the agency’s principal advisor and advocate on technology policy and programs. Dr Miller is also the Jerome C. Hunsaker Professor in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics and was the Director of the Space Systems Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Lucie GreenLucie Green is a Royal Society University Research Fellow and a space scientist based at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory, UCL's Department of Space and Climate Physics.

Lucie Green is a Royal Society University Research Fellow and a space scientist based at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory, UCL's Department of Space and Climate Physics. She studies activity in the atmosphere of the Sun; in particular, immense magnetic fields in the Sun's atmosphere which sporadically erupt to form a coronal mass ejection. She is interested in how the magnetic configuration of the eruptions relates to geomagnetic activity and what this means for those living in the UK. She sits on the board of the European Solar Physics Division (ESPD) of the European Physical Society and the advisory board of the Science Museum. She has a broad interest in communicating the latest space science and astronomy research and recently joined the BBC's Sky at Night team. She has contributed to many programmes on BBC 1, BBC News 24, ITV and BBC World, including GMTV, the Xchange, the One Show and Material World, and co-presented the Stardate series on the BBC with Adam Hart-Davis and the Transit of Venus Horizon special.

This is what the DIVE Earth Science lectures look like. There are 2 lectures each week, an A and B lecture. PLEASE NOTE: The Flash controls do not work on the YouTube version. DIVE Earth Science lectures average about 20 minutes each.

Introduction to Marine Science & The Scientific Method

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet in the Solar System, after Mercury. Named after the Roman god of war, it is often described as the Red Planet because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the volcanoes, valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth. The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons. Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the second highest known mountain within the Solar System (the tallest on a planet), and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons. The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact feature. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped. These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.

Until the first successful Mars flyby in 1965 by Mariner 4, many speculated about the presence of liquid water on the planet's surface. This was based on observed periodic variations in light and dark patches, particularly in the polar latitudes, which appeared to be seas and continents; long, dark striations were interpreted by some as irrigation channels for liquid water. These straight line features were later explained as optical illusions, though geological evidence gathered by unmanned missions suggests that Mars once had large-scale water coverage on its surface at some earlier stage of its life. In 2005, radar data revealed the presence of large quantities of water ice at the poles at mid-latitudes. The Mars rover Spirit sampled chemical compounds containing water molecules in March 2007. The Phoenix lander directly sampled water ice in shallow Martian soil on July 31, 2008]

Mars is host to seven functioning spacecraft: five in orbit – the Mars Odyssey, Mars Express, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, MAVEN and Mars Orbiter Mission – and two on the surface – Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity and the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity. Defunct spacecraft on the surface include MER-A Spirit and several other inert landers and rovers such as the Phoenix lander, which completed its mission in 2008. Observations by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter have revealed possible flowing water during the warmest months on Mars. In 2013, NASA's Curiosity rover discovered that Mars' soil contains between 1.5% and 3% water by mass (about two pints of water per cubic foot or 33 liters per cubic meter, albeit attached to other compounds and thus not freely accessible).

Mars can easily be seen from Earth with the naked eye, as can its reddish coloring. Its apparent magnitude reaches −3.0, which is surpassed only by Jupiter, Venus, the Moon, and the Sun. Optical ground-based telescopes are typically limited to resolving features about 300 km (186 miles) across when Earth and Mars are closest because of Earth's atmosphere.

These CSIR NET life science lectures will explain how to qualify CSIR NET JRF/LS with tips and tricks discussed for group A, B and C of NET exam paper.
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This London Lecture was delivered by Dr Colin Summerhayes of the University of Cambridge on 15 April 2015

Description:
Developments in different branches of science, including geology, have provided us with the basis for a coherent theory of climate change. The geologists of the 19th century were puzzled by the 'Great Cooling' that characterized the Tertiary Era. They were also puzzled by erratic blocks. Buckland thought them dumped by Noah's flood, Lyell thought them dumped by icebergs, Agassiz preferred ice sheets, and won the day. In the 1860s Tyndall found that CO2 absorbed and re-emitted heat, so could explain past climate change. In the 1890s Arrhenius calculated how changes in CO2 might explain glacials and interglacials. By 1899 T.C. Chamberlin converted that into a geological theory of global climate.

We now know that a decline in CO2 caused the 'Great Cooling'. Its record differs from place to place because the continents have moved. Lyell realised in 1830 that the motions of continents through climate zones could explain past climate change, an idea perfected by Wegener in the 1920s, underpinned by palaeomagnetic data in the 1950s, and reinforced by plate tectonic theory in the 1960s.

Attempts to attribute Ice Age variability to celestial mechanics began in 1830, advanced with Croll in the 1860s, Milankovitch in the 1920s, and Andre Berger in the 1970s. Isotope geochemists began unravelling the secrets of climate change in the 1950s, expanding their work through access to deep ocean cores from 1968 on, and to ice cores from the 1980s. Linking isotopic changes in sediments to celestial mechanics was as big a breakthrough as plate tectonics. We can now use isotopes to investigate the centennial variability of the Sun.

We have come a long way from the notion that erratic blocks of rock on British hills were deposited by Noah's flood. The past 20 years have seen dramatic advances in our knowledge of the variability of past climate, and its causes, which underpins understanding what our climate is doing now and may do in the future (following Hutton's dictum that the past and the present are the keys to what happens next). These advances, many of them only reported in scientific journals, deserve to be more widely known. They show that our climate operates within narrow natural envelopes. We should still be in the Little Ice Age envelope, but our emissions have moved our climate into new territory. Man has become a geological agent.

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Even the greatest scientists have made some serious blunders. Brilliant Blunders concerns the evolution of life on Earth, of the Earth itself, of stars, and of the universe as a whole.

In this talk, astrophysicist Dr. Mario Livio explores and analyzes major errors committed by such luminaries as Charles Darwin, Linus Pauling, and Albert Einstein.

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In this video I will calculate the effects of Earth's rotation on gravity.

CLASS: GeoEng 341
PROFESSOR: Dr. David Rogers
DESCRIPTION OF COURSE: Study of procedures and techniques used to evaluate geologic factors for site selection and the design of engineered structures. Prerequisite: Ge Eng 275.

(Visit: Ralph Cicerone, President of the National Academy of Sciences,reviews up-to-date data on temperatures of air and water, rates of ice losses and of sea-level rise and illustrate the driving forces of greenhouse gases in an energy-balance model of Earth. Recorded on 02/23/2016. Series: UC Berkeley Graduate Lectures [4/2016] [Science] [Show ID: 30556]

These CSIR NET life science lectures will explain how to qualify CSIR NET JRF/LS with tips and tricks discussed for group A, B and C of NET exam paper.
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This is the second session in a new series of monthly lectures and discussions, spanning the year 2016 and hosted by the Brookfield Public Library. This year the series focuses on philosophical themes in the works and world of selected classic and contemporary fantasy and science fiction authors.

We continue the series by focusing in this session on J.R.R. Tolkien's works, in particular those concerned with his world of Arda and specifically Middle Earth -- the Lord of the Rings trilogy, the Hobbit, and the Simarillion.

8:00 - biographical discussion of Tolkien's life and career

19:50 - Tolkien as a world-builder

36:23 - a metaphysics of creation in Tolkien's works

48:26 - good and evil in Tolkien's works

56:36 - the one Ring

1:05:31 - wrapup, other themes, and Q&A;

Upcoming lectures in the series will focus on the works and worlds of Frank Herbert, Roger Zelazny, Ursula K. Leguin, Michael Moorcock, Phillip K. Dick, Mervyn Peake, and George R.R. Martin.

Previous lectures - on J.R.R. Tolkien, A.E. Van Vogt, and C.S. Lewis have been recorded and are available in this playlist:

Follow ClimateState

Prof. Stefan Rahmstorf explains the basics of Climate Science. Basic data sets and findings about Global Warming, including some comments on historic land marks of the Science.

Watch part two Impacts of Climate Change


These lectures form part of a broader lecture course called World in Transition. It includes 11 themes, presented by the members of the German Advisory Council on Global Change (WBGU). This is a body of experts appointed by the German government and advising it on global change issues.

Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research

Featuring Dr. Eric Smith, professor at the Earth-Life Science Institute in Tokyo and the Santa Fe Institute. For most of the 20th century, complex biological views of evolution have been central to the way scientists think about the origin of life. But progress over the past 40 years in such fields as ocean exploration, microbiology, and planetary science has come together to suggest that life's origin may have been built on a core chemical blueprint. Dr. Smith argues that we need a new understanding of the nature of life, in which the dominant, Darwinian view of a “struggle for existence” comes second, and life at its core came about as a necessary layer of our maturing planet.

Eric Smith began scientific work in high-energy physics, with Bachelor degrees in math and physics from Caltech, and a Ph.D. from the University of Texas in 1993. His work moved increasingly into topics in complex systems, during appointments in the University of Texas and the Los Alamos National Laboratories, culminating in eleven years spent at the Santa Fe Institute. At SFI he began parallel threads of work in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, economics and finance, and the history of human languages, and began studying the geochemistry, biochemistry, and evolution of the earliest life. He is currently a professor and Principle Investigator of the Earth-Life Science Institute in Tokyo, and external professor at SFI. His goal is to understand the origin and nature of the living state through the many windows that science provides on it: the physical, geochemical, biochemical, ecological, and evolutionary.

What are the latest developments in Space investigation? What might the future hold? ...When might we start living on Mars?


The Space Age is half a century old. Its early successes were driven by a fierce superpower rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States, which tended to obscure the fact that exploration and risk-tasking is built into human DNA. Decades after we last set foot on the moon, space activity is finally taking off. A vibrant private sector, led by SpaceX and Virgin Galactic, plans to launch supplies cheaply into earth orbit, and giving people the chance of a sub-orbital joyride. Fighting gravity will always be difficult but new materials are being developed and engineers are rethinking rockets and developing new propulsion technologies.

Permanent bases on the Moon and Mars are now within reach, and a new Space Race is brewing. We can now envisage our future off-Earth.

The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website:

Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website. There are currently over 1,900 lectures free to access or download from the website.

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Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson kicked off the House Science & National Labs Caucus with a lecture at the Library of Congress.

Speaker Biography: Neil deGrasse Tyson is an American astrophysicist and science communicator. He is currently the Frederick P. Rose Director of the Hayden Planetarium at the Rose Center for Earth and Space and a research associate in the department of astrophysics at the American Museum of Natural History. He has appeared on or hosted several television programs promoting science and space exploration.

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Mr. Andersen describes how plate tectonics shapes our planet. Continental and oceanic platers are contrasted and major plate boundaries are discussed.

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In this lecture, University of Michigan Professor Ted Bergin discusses the origin of planets from molecular clouds. He talks about water and it's specific qualities which makes it an essential element in everything.

In this online video lecture on Introduction to Environmental Science we will learn about Environmental Science /EVS
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In this video I will discuss Earth's troposphere, stratosphere, ozone layer, mesosphere, ionosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere and its associated temperatures.

Next video in this series can be seen at:

Original air date: July 14, 2016. 7 p.m. PT (10 p.m. ET, 0200 UTC)

The Dawn mission, launched in September 2007, is the only spacecraft ever to orbit two destinations beyond Earth, and the only to orbit an object in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Dawn completed an exploration of Vesta in 2011-2012 and arrived in orbit around Ceres in 2015. Remnants from the time that planets were formed, Ceres and Vesta hold clues that will help scientists understand the origins of the solar system. Marc Rayman gave a presentation on the Dawn mission and its use of ion propulsion, as well as its two exotic destinations. For more on the Dawn mission, visit For more on JPL's von Karman lecture series, please see

Speaker:
Marc Rayman, Mission Director and Chief Engineer, Dawn Mission, JPL

Lecture by C. Erec Stebbins, Associate Professor, The Rockefeller University

When it comes to the evolution of life on earth, those who have been here longest have seniority. And after four billion years, bacteria reign supreme. Unfortunately for us, some of them have been using that time to scheme at invading our bodies and outsmarting our cells. Bacteria make up the largest part of the biosphere, outnumbering plants and animals by trillions. They even outnumber the cells in your own body. They have become adept at forming relationships with animals, often cooperative business relationships that help both organisms.

But while most bacteria are good for the planet — they play a major role in sustaining and shaping life on Earth — some are not so nice. Some inject toxins into your body and hijack your cells in order to reproduce. And thanks to the beauty of evolution, they've developed a sophisticated, sinister way to do that: with a tiny protein syringe capable of penetrating your cells' protective membranes. Earth's early nanotechnology.

This virulence device, protruding from bacteria such as Salmonella, E. coli and Yersinia pestis, is capable of injecting proteins into the hosts' cells that can take over their machinery and manipulate them like a puppet. Some proteins tell the cells to invite more bacteria in, forcing the cells to be an unwitting aide to their own demise. Others take over the cell cycle and command the cell to self-destruct. The nano-syringe, along with the proteins that pass through it, is one of the primary ways by which bacteria communicate with and control their environment.

Rockefeller University's C. Erec Stebbins studies the methods by which bacteria target and infect their hosts. In his Laboratory of Structural Microbiology, Dr. Stebbins and his lab members use techniques from biochemistry, microbial cell biology and x-ray crystallography to uncover the molecular architecture that enables bacteria to spread disease.

Having the blueprints for these nanostructures allows scientists to understand how they work. And understanding how bacteria work helps researchers develop the antibiotics to stop them from making people sick. Join Dr. Stebbins for a presentation on the biology behind infectious bacteria — a product of evolution that is both beautiful and frightening.

Dr. Stebbins' Bio:

Oct. 17, 2012
Dr. Natalie Batalha (NASA Ames Res. Ctr.)

Dr. Batalha (Mission Scientist for the Kepler Mission, searching for exoplanets) describes the techniques used by the Kepler team to identify planets orbiting other stars and updates us on the remarkable progress they are making in the search for Earth-sized worlds. She discusses the planets already found and shares what we know so far about the thousands of candidate planets that are in the Kepler data.

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The Vera List Center launches its fall 2010 season with a new lecture series, co-organized with the School of Art, Media, and Technology and the Fine Arts Program at Parsons


Focused on Art and Science, the series captures the increasingly transdisciplinary nature of scientific, academic, artistic, and cultural practices and, in particular, focuses on the complex cross-disciplinary settings for art's production in contemporary life. Clustered around specific subjects such as geophysics, system theory, economics, and the physics of time, the lectures are presented in thematic pairs, one week apart. Members of The New School's acclaimed faculty alternate with external scholars, experts, and artists. All lectures are open to the public.

Tatiana Lyubetskaya, the first lecturer, introduces the major concepts that form the basis of scientific thinking such as data, model, assumption, and proof before examining specific cases of interdisciplinary scientific investigations in the fields of geology, geochemistry, and geophysics. The common ground between these subjects is found in the principles of mathematical analysis, which allow processing and manipulating different kinds of information in order to construct theoretical models describing the behavior of complex systems. The fundamental problem of determining the chemical composition of the earth and its applications in different earth sciences serves as an example. Theoretical modeling of geological processes such as mountain building and erosion will be examined as it illuminates the ways in which a scientific problem is formulated and how possible solutions are constructed and tested. Lyubetskaya, whose background includes the sciences as well as the visual arts received her PhD in geophysics from Yale and her MFA from Parsons The New School for Design--launches this new lectures series. The second speaker, on September 7, is mathematician Jennifer Wilson.

Hosted by the Vera List Center for Art and Politics |

Backed by stunning illustrations, David Christian narrates a complete history of the universe, from the Big Bang to the Internet, in a riveting 18 minutes. This is Big History: an enlightening, wide-angle look at complexity, life and humanity, set against our slim share of the cosmic timeline.

TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Closed captions and translated subtitles in a variety of languages are now available on TED.com, at

An annual lecture within the Harvard GSD Lecture Series, this event intends to expose a large audience of students, faculty and members of the public to the importance of green design and planning. Lord Foster’s practice, Foster + Partners, has pioneered an integrated design approach driven by sustainability, winning hundreds of awards and international competitions. From airports, urban masterplans to cultural buildings and workplaces, the practice is renowned for its deftness at integrating advanced technology with cultural and environmental concerns.

The Harvard Center for Green Buildings and Cities aims to transform the building industry through a commitment to design-centric strategy that directly links research outcomes to the development of new processes, systems, and products.

Our spaceship Earth is in constant motion -- rotating and revolving as it traverses through space:

This is a story of our evolving understanding of the geography of Earth's position in space -- a story of parallax, aberration and astrometry that stretches from the ancient Greeks to the most modern satellite, Gaia.

The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College Website:

Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website. There are currently over 1,500 lectures free to access or download from the website.
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Jeffrey Sachs's new, free course, The Age of Sustainable Development, gives students an understanding of the key challenges and pathways to sustainable development - that is, economic development that is also socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable.

Sustainable development is the most urgent challenge facing humanity. The fundamental question is how the world economy can continue to develop in a way that is socially inclusive and environmentally sustainable. The course describes the complex interactions between the world economy and the Earth's physical environment. Ecological processes and constraints (climate, disease ecology, physical resources such as soils and energy sources, topography and transport conditions) significantly shape the patterns of economic development, demography, and wealth and poverty. At the same time, human activities (farming, land use, urbanization, demographic change, and energy use) change the physical environments, increasingly in dangerous ways. The course offers a broad overview of the key challenges and potential solutions to achieve sustainable development in the 21st century.

For more information on the course, visit:

For more information on Jeffrey Sachs and Columbia University's Earth Institute, visit:


To follow the class and Jeffrey Sachs, please follow @jeffdsachs, hashtag #susdev

This is the fourth lecture of the Holiday Lectures on Science 2011 series by Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Lecture given by Tim D. White

The hominid fossil record of the past six million years gives us surprising insights into the path of human evolution.Other films in this lecture series can be found in the pull-down menu here:

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Frequently asked questions about evolution:
Evolution: Fact and Theory:
101 Reasons Why Evolution is True:
Evidence of Common Descent:
Evolution 101:
8 examples of evolution in action:
15 Evolutionary Gems:

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The Atmosphere, the Ocean and Environmental Change (GG 140)

This course studies the atmosphere and the ocean as parts of Earth's climate system. The climate is studied in both quantitative and qualitative ways through use of the textbook, lectures, labs and problem sets. Today's lecture includes an examination of Hurricane Irene that hit Connecticut a few days ago on August 28. For this, we use several website sources of local weather information:satellite, radar, tide gauges.. The atmosphere is gravitationally attracted to the Earth and is composed of gases that are invisible to the human eye. We are able to detect the presence of the atmosphere through our perceptions of the presence of air and changes in pressure.

00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction
06:56 - Chapter 2. Course Overview
12:39 - Chapter 3. New Haven Weather Data during Hurricane Irene
27:43 - Chapter 4. Prof. Smith's Background and Research Interests
30:40 - Chapter 5. What is an Atmosphere?

Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website:

This course was recorded in Fall 2011.

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Adam Savage walks through two spectacular examples of profound scientific discoveries that came from simple, creative methods anyone could have followed -- Eratosthenes' calculation of the Earth's circumference around 200 BC and Hippolyte Fizeau's measurement of the speed of light in 1849.

If you experience any technical difficulties with this video or would like to make an accessibility-related request, please send a message to [email protected].

This 10-week course for non-science majors focuses on a single problem: assessing the risk of human-caused climate change. The story ranges from physics to chemistry, biology, geology, fluid mechanics, and quantum mechanics, to economics and social sciences. The class will consider evidence from the distant past and projections into the distant future, keeping the human time scale of the next several centuries as the bottom line. The lectures follow a textbook, Global Warming, Understanding the Forecast, written for the course.

For information about the textbook, interactive models, and more, visit:

A lecture by Brian Cox on how the universe was created.
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In this second of the four part series I will show you how to find the center of mass of the Earth-Moon system.

Professor James White reviews the basic science behind the Earth’s climate system and discusses how humans are impacting it and put the current climate situation into the context of natural variability. White is director of the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research.

A Theodore von Kármán Lecture Series talk, held December 4 and 5 at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, addressed the ambitious and exciting mission of the Dawn spacecraft, one of NASA's most remarkable ventures into the solar system. After more than seven years of interplanetary spaceflight, which included a spectacular exploration of the asteroid Vesta, the Dawn probe is just a few months away from the mysterious world, Ceres. Ceres and Vesta are two of the most massive residents of the main asteroid belt, that vast collection of bodies between Mars and Jupiter. Dr. Marc Rayman, Dawn Project Mission Director, is the featured speaker.

Documentary of earth's violent past and tectonic plates

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